Contoh Compound versus Phrase
Compound versus Phrase
By Fatihurrahman/12320105
Compound and Phrase are one of an important branch of linguistics
that deals with the scope of word formation. Compound versus
phrase is the crucial point to recognize by learners who learn about linguistic
in more deeply. So, the question is, why I am interested in doing research
about this topic? Simple, because I want to know more about how the words
are compounding in case of compound and how the words are used in case of phrases.
In this case, I will analyze how the process of compounding two or three words
which have differences part of speech into a new word with has differences in
meaning before it is compounded.And also how the words compound as phrase in a
sentences.
As a simple example, the
words ‘flower’is noun,means‘the type of plant that can produce its flower’and ‘pot’is noun, means‘bowl used by children as a toilet’. When those words are
compounded the meaning will be different. But the part of speech does not
change. It is because the words ‘flower’ and ‘pot’ have the same part of speech,
namely noun. When a noun (N) and noun (N) are compounded the part of speech does
not change, that is the rule.And the example of phrase, ‘the bracelet is made of gold’.
Made of gold is a kind of adjective phrase. More examples about kind of
compound;
Adjective + Verb
compound: high + light → highlight
Verb + preposition
compound: break + up → breakup
Preposition + Verb
compound: out + run → outrun
Adjective + Adjective
compound: bitter + sweet → bittersweet
Preposition + Preposition
compound: in + to → into
Noun + Noun compound:
note + book → notebook
Adjective + Noun
compound: blue + berry → blueberry
Verb + Noun compound:
work + room → workroom
Noun + verb compound:
breast + feed → breastfeed
Verb + Verb compound:
stir + fry → stir-fry
Compound
may be formed as one word or as two words joined with a hyphen to separate the
words compounded, for instance, sunglasses and baby-sister, mother-in-law and
credit cart.
The study of language is
inseparable with compounds and phrases because both compound and phrase are one
of the studying of linguistics.However, Compound and Phrase are confusing the
learners of linguistic because both of them are not easy to distinguish because
there are many cases in which compounds are quite similar to phrases with a similar
meaning, for instance, ice cream,
with its variable
stress pattern, is
a phrase for
some and a compound for
other speakers“ although
there is not denotative difference
of meaning”. This also can be one
of my reasons why I am doing this research.
Compounds and phrases are
the studying of linguistics which relates to the scope of the word formation, as I explained in the
previous discussion. If there is a question,what is the importance of learning about
the compound versus phrase? Simple,because the compounds are have similarity to
phrase in meaning. It makes confusing the learners to indicate whether the
words are compounds or not. So that’s why, this is important to explore in farther.
For instance, in a certain common
situation in which we might ask the question whether an expression is a single
word or a syntactic phrase involves (potential) Compounds, such as the expressions backboard,
backdoor, back Seatarecompounds or phrases. In this section we discuss
some properties of compounds that allow us to distinguish them from phrases.
Hopefully, after discussing the compound and phrase, we are able to distinguish
between compounds and phrase in easily.
Here
are some additional reasons why this topic is important to explore.
The first, Compounds may be
compositional, meaning that the meaning of the new word is determined by
combining the meanings of the parts, or noncom positional, meaning that the
meaning of the new word cannot be determined by combining the meanings of the
parts. For example, a blueberry is a
berry that is blue. However, a breakup is not a relationship that was separated
each other. And the word black birdis
not compound, but it is noun phrase.
In my research, I found many
examples about phrases and compounds as I explained before. Therefore, I am
going to continue analyzing the further explanation for each kind of example
which I explained in the previous discussion. But in this section I will focus
on analyzing compound noun and noun phrase.
First of all, I would like firstly to analyze
about Compound noun, is formed from two nouns, or an adjectives and nouns. Compound
nouns should not be confused with nouns modified by adjectives, verbs, and
other nouns. For example, the adjective blackof the noun phrase black
bird is different from the adjective black of the compound noun blackbirdin
that black of black bird functions as a noun phrase modifier while the black of
blackbird is an inseparable part of the noun: a black bird also refers to any
bird that is black in color while a blackbird is a specific type of bird.Structurally
irregular compounds include postmodified constructions as well as exocentric
constructions such as hatchback,
redneck, and shithead.
Primary compounds are notable for their
often idiosyncratic semantics. The meanings of such compounds do not
deriveregularly from the meanings of their two components in the way
attributiveness determines meaning.Thus, blackbird to manage that a bird
which has black feathers and a mosquito
netkeeps mosquitoes out while butterflies arecaptured using a butterfly net. Here is
another set of examples
·
Milk bottle ‘bottle
for containing milk’
·
Milkman ‘man
who delivers milk’
·
Milk-float ‘float
carrying milk’
·
Milk-fever ‘disease
caused by lack of the calcium contained in milk’
·
Milk-tooth ‘tooth
present while young mammal is still drinking milk’
·
Milk-weed ‘weed
with sap like milk’
·
Milk-tart ‘tart
made with milk’
While
these compounds are formally regular, their meanings are with one exception
listed rather than following from the principles of attribution discussed
above. Those principles would simply not get anywhere near identifying for us
the items symbolized by the forms: instead of the relevant meanings rely
heavily on our knowledge whereby bottles contain things, men do things, floats
carry things etc. In each case, the key to the meaning seems to be provided by
the semantics of the head. A further example of this is milk-tartbecomes milktartis then an attributive
construction rather than a primary compound.
Generative
theories of word structure account for compounding indifferent ways: proposes
the following phrase structure grammar:
N → {N, A, V, P} N; A → {N, A, P} A;
V →P V
The desired structures are generated
directly, but problems of bracketing paradoxes remain (e.g. bird-brained seems
to be derived by idiosyncratic affixation to the N N compound bird brain, as
there is no verb to brain meaning ‘to possess a brain ‘from which the past
participle could be derived.
It might, finally, be objected here that
as a matter of principle, nouns can modify other nouns only withincompounds and
not in syntactic phrases
Talks about contribution in doing a
research is one of the main goals that every researcher intends to bring such
as make the distinctness of some issues which essential to be described in
deeply. In this case, we will talk about what contribution should be gotten
after doing the research about compounds versus phrases for learners and
personally for myself. The are some contribution which supposed to have after
doing this research;
First of all, is knowing how to distinguish between both compound
and phrase, for instance, English
is one of
many languages are able
to make a new lexeme so as
to form not only phrases ‘black
bird’but also complex lexemessuch as ‘blackbird’, form those
simple sample above, in fact there is no distinct between both types above. The
problem is, there is no clear way of distinguishing between compound words and
phrases (i.e. the notion of ‘word’ is not unambiguously defined). The
distinction between phrase and compound therefore implies a structural
ambiguity in the language such that identical concatenations can be either word
or phrase. This fact about
English has shown
large in research
on English word
formation.
boleh tau referensi drmn ka?
ReplyDelete