contoh analisis locutionary, illocutionary dan perlocutionary act

08:43 Fatihurrahman 6 Comments


An analysis of Speech act: J.L. Austin’s theory of performative act
Oleh: Fatihurrahman

J.L. Austin, in his theory of performative acts, he tries to explain that an utterence which uttered by a speaker has a meningfull message, in which addressed to the hearer and or listener to do wtat is uttered. On the other hands, every single word comes out by human lips carries a meaning. It means, no word has no meaning. In his theory, Austin also emphasize  that "to say something may be to do something". By emphasizing that, then he issues performative acts which is parted into three types: locutionary act is the act  of saying something and/ or what is said; illocutionaryact is the act performed  in saying something; The  perlocutionary act is the act performed  by, or as a consequence of, saying something.
 To make best understanding about those three types of performative acts, then I do analyzing two short conversations between two persons who are in very closed relationship, yet their names will not be stated as what it is! Thus, they are initialized as A and B. The following conversation are:
Conversation 1
A: whatch out! There is a car.
B: Well, thank you.
A’s utterence is a warning to B to be more carefully in crossing the road, because there is a car which quicken in speedily. What A  says is what we call as locutionary act. Where the locutionary act performed by A is meaning by “Watch” and refering by “B”  on his act. B’s respose will indicate whether B understad or not about what  is the intended meaning of A by saying so. On one hand, the locutionary will seem to succed by looking at the B’s responce.  By responding “well, thank you” means that B understands about what is spoken by A. The intended message is well-recognized by B is called as illocutionary act. Then, the result of understanding an utterence utterd by A will be done by B. It is known as perlucotionary act.
Conversation 2
A: Can you come over to my parent’s bith day party tonight?
B: I must vinish my homework.
We can do so by noting that under the right conditions, one can urge just by saying, “Can you come over to my parent’s bith day party tonoght?”, while the adreessee respond by saying, “ I must vinish my homework”. What we can analyse, the addressee replies by using indirect speech act. The Addressee’s utterance may indicate that: “the homework must be assembled tomorrow” and/or “he/she is too busy to join the party”. The example above refers to the Indirect speech act. Form that example I myself  also derived into three kinds of speech acts, the first is Lucotionary, means that the sentence “Can you come over to my parent’s bith day party tonight?” contain of what is said by the speaker and well-undestood by the addressee. The lucotionary act has a literal meaning whether the utterance will be perfomed or not, it is not important. The second, Illucotinary act, means that the utterance above “I must vinish my homework” is not just informing to the speaker that he/she has homework to be done. Yet, the utterance will have an impact toward the speaker’s performance. It is known as perlucotionary act.
To sum up, a speaker not merely produces an utterance but she/he also tries to communicate something by using an utterance. On the other hand, the speaker wants the hearer to respond what is said by him or her. Thus, in every single word and/or an utterence spoken by speaker  is always has a meaning and the speaker supposes the hearer to do what is said. Because what is said is not merely what it is. it is what J.L. Austin meant in his theory of performative acts.  

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