contoh analisis speech act teorinya austin
An analysis on Speech act: Austin’s theory of
performative act
Oleh:
Fatihurrahman
Austin, in his theory
of performative acts, he tries to explain that an utterence which is uttered by
a speaker has a meningfull message, in which addressed to the hearers and/or the
readers to do what is uttered. On the other hands, every single word comes out
by human lips carries a meaning. In his theory, Austin also emphasizes that "to say something may be to do
something". By emphasizing that, then he issues performative acts which is
parted into three types: locutionary act is the act of saying something and/ or what is said;
illocutionaryact is the act performed in
saying something; The perlocutionary act
is the act performed by, or as a
consequence of, saying something.
There is no singel meaning of an
utterence, therefore, the picture above may have many meanings. Firts, it may
indicate that the sentence on the picture “Ngamen
gratis kecuali afgan/ayu ting-ting” is a warning for a singing beggar for
not doing ngamen in that place. The sentence which is written by the owner of the house is as lucotionary
act, which is addressed to readers. in this case a singing beggar and it is
also supposed to be understood them. if the singing beggar pass the house, it
means that the intended message is well-recognized by the pengamen. It is called
as illocutionary act. Then, the result of understanding an utterence uttered by
the owner will be done by singing beggar. it can be indicated when they just
pass the house and doing ngamen in the other houses next. It is known as perlucotionary act.
Second,
if there are still singing beggar who do ngamen, it means that, they cannot
read at all. So the massege of the written utterence has no meaning by them.
One thing that should be considered by the owner of the house, not all of the
singing beggar has an educational background. Thus, by sticking a written warning
utterence will no longger be efficient.
The
last, the owner intentionaly writes the sentence “Ngamen gratis kecuali afgan/ayu ting-ting” to warn the singing
beggar, even they do ngamen, they will not get money and/or they will pass the
house after reading it. If they do so, means that the lucotinary and
illucotionary have been conveyed properly. Then, the last is the act which is
based on their understanding, it is
called as perlucotionary act.
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